Currently, there are several trends in the development of rodent control methods using decoyless rodent control methods. For example, the use of ultrasound to scare away rodents; stationary points with poison bait; spraying holes and routes of rodents with poisonous sprays; application of poisonous sticky compositions on rodent routes; catching rodents with traps and sticky traps, etc.

Ultrasonic repellents 

Ultrasound does not kill mice and rats, but only scares them away from a limited area. In addition, there is a fairly rapid adaptation of rodents to ultrasound. Susceptibility to sound frequencies of rodents and humans is different, and on this basis and developed a variety of repellent.

On the one hand, they cause no harm to humans, on the other high frequency has a devastating effect on the psyche of mice and rats, protecting the house from these pests. The ideal ultrasonic repellent should have a sound pressure of 100 dB or more.

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Stationary points with poisoned bait

In recent decades, new rodenticides – second-generation anticoagulants of blood – didenacum, brodifacum, bromodialon, flocumafen etc. have been created and introduced; their use against mice and rats including those resistant to first generation anticoagulants (warfarin, cumatetralil) was highly effective.

Use closed boxes

Serving poisoned bait to mice and rats is done in closed boxes to prevent possible poisoning of children as well as dogs and cats. Closed boxes or wooden crates, with a narrow entrance hole for mice or rats, can be used for this purpose. Poisoned bait is placed inside and periodically checked for eatability by rodents. 

Important! It is also recommended to apply periodically the bait with the addition of acutely active poisons (zinc phosphide, monofluorin, etc.) in order to avoid the development of resistance to anticoagulants. This bait is usually packed in tightly closed paper cups. The outside of the wrappers may be treated with sunflower oil to make them more attractive to mice and rats.

These poison bait boxes should be placed out of reach of children and pets. Periodically check the cups for damage and eatability as well.

Pollination and tamponization of rodent burrows

The basis of this direction is the transfer of extermination measures to the territory of the rat, i.e. inside its burrow. The rodents will have no choice, they will be put in conditions of direct contact with the used poison and have no possibility to avoid its effects. Important things you should do:

• All burrows within the property to be treated should be identified as much as possible.
• Conduct the extermination of mice and rats as quickly as possible.
• Mandatory plugging of rodents’ burrows with cement mortar (40-50% cement – with broken glass or metal shavings).
• It is recommended to pollinate and tamponade burrows of mice and rats, and also to use poison pastes based on zinc phosphide, an acutely active poison. 

The poison content must be high – 20 % or more. If you do decide to use ratindan, it must be at least 40% or higher. High poison concentrations ensure 100% death of rodents after single contact with the poison mass. Burrows treated in this way are not repopulated. The death of rats within the burrow makes secondary poisoning from the rodent impossible for people and pets.

Traps and glue traps 

This preventive option also has practical application. We would like to note that the placement of metal traps and rat traps should be done in a discreet way. There are some useful tips:

• Use cardboard boxes or metal boxes for their disguise and inaccessibility.
• The basis for attracting mice and rats to these mechanisms is the bait in the form of food.
• Initially, it is recommended to use unloaded traps and rat traps to ensure free access for rodents to eat the bait. This also applies to sticky surfaces.

Glue traps are less effective than traps, but can still stick house mice and young rats. Place this equipment around the perimeter of the apartment, along walls, and under furniture. In the open area, directly near the holes, camouflage them with earth or vegetation. Frequency of checking the implements at least once a day, usually in the morning, as house mice and rats are known to live mainly a nocturnal lifestyle.

Engineering, sanitary and preventive measures

Preventive measures consist mainly of making buildings and constructions impervious to rodents and a number of sanitary measures.

Rodent-proofing of buildings

These measures do not require large expenses and at the same time make buildings inaccessible to rodents from outside. Let’s take a look:

1. The foundation should be laid to a depth of at least 70 cm.
2. Storage buildings, barns, and the like can be erected on stone, concrete or wooden poles buried in the ground.
3. The floor should be laid at least 70 cm above the ground.
4. Around pillars should be arranged collars of roofing iron to prevent rodents from climbing up them and penetrating into the basement of buildings or the warehouse.
5. Openings of the building should be covered with grates or wire mesh; window frames should be tightly covered, glazed, or covered with wire mesh with a mesh not exceeding 12×12 mm.
6. Doors and hatches of cellars should be padded with iron.
7. Gaps around sewer pipes, heating pipes, water pipes, and other technical wiring are recommended to fill the mortar of cement or alabaster mixed with broken glass.
8. Metal plates (washers) should be put on the pipes and block the passages to prevent rodents from penetrating into the premises through interfloor ceilings and floors.

Sanitation measures 

The purpose of sanitary measures is to make food and water inaccessible to mice and rats and to deprive them of shelter.

• Only keep all kinds of refuse at home in tightly closed buckets and empty them at least once a day. 
• Store food in closed containers to prevent rodents from gnawing on it.
• Do not put junk in closets, basements, or other places because rodents can find shelter.
• Rearrange things and furniture in the house more often.
• Make bins in yards in the ground of concrete or brick. The surface can be constructed of boards at least 45mm thick. All bins should be equipped with tight-fitting lids.
• Yard latrines and cesspools should be kept tidy and periodically emptied of the collected masses.
• Timely removal of construction debris and junk in the surrounding area to deprive mice and rats of shelter.

These are basic reliable options that will help protect your home from mice and rats.

In case you cannot cope with rodents in your house or garden on your own, turn to professionals.

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